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April 23th, 2008

Zah-hak Receiving the Nobility
AC P.1940.4
Artist Unknown, Persian
Watercolor and gold leaf on parchment, 16th Century
Gift of the Amherst Dilettanti


This watercolor, made in the sixteenth century, illustrates a passage from the national epic poem of pre-Islamic Iran, the Shahnameh (or Book of Kings),composed by Ferdowsi in the late tenth and early eleventh centuries. The central figure is the demon king Zah-hak, whom the poem describes as having ruled the world for 1,000 years when ‘evil flourished, [and] demons rejoiced…while goodness was spoken of only in secret.’

Here, Zah-hak—with a black snake protruding from each shoulder because of a curse—appears surrounded by the great sages he has called to interpret a dream of his demise. The floor and roof of his pavilion incorporate patterns of six-pointed stars and hexagons, motifs that gained popularity in Persian architecture in part because they created an interesting design requiring only two molds. The fine details in gold paint could have been made using a reed pen or perhaps with paper stencils that were invented in the sixteenth century.

The pages of this illuminated manuscript were separated and dispersed long before this leaf came to the Mead; eight pages from the same manuscript, possibly painted by the same (unidentified) artist, are now in the Springfield Museum of Fine Arts in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Written by Caroline Edmundson, Class of 2010