The Cross-Cultural Construction of Gender

Listed in: Sexuality, Women's and Gender Studies, as SWAG-100 | Moodle site: Course

Questions about this guide? Contact

Citing Sources

Getting Started

MLA vs. Chicago Manual of Style (in brief)

        MLA

  • Designed for the Humanities, especially languages and literature

  • Foregrounds authors and their works while mentioning dates (research in these disciplines tends to be less time-sensitive)

  • Important evidence in this field is often the words that particular authors wrote, so the author and title are primary

    Chicago Manual of Style

  • Especially useful for interdisciplinary work, in which time-sensitive material is as important as material that is not time-sensitive

  • Foregrounds author and the work, but also includes date of publication and publication itself

  • Footnotes bring this information to the reader’s attention within text

  • Bibliography provides a summary of all the works cited in the document

Need Help?

    MLA

    Overview

    The core elements in MLA citations are:

    • Author

    • Title of source 

    • Title of container 

    • Other contributors 

    • Version 

    • Number  

    • Publisher

    • Publication Date

    • Location

    Guides

    Some examples from your class

    Book

    Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. Purple Hibiscus. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2012.

    Journal Article

    Heidi I. Hartmann. “The Family as the Locus of Gender, Class, and Political Struggle: The Example of                            Housework.” Signs, no. 3, 1981, p. 366. 

    Newspaper Article

    MacKinnon, Catharine A. “Opinion | #MeToo Has Done What the Law Could Not.” The New York Times, 9 Feb.             2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/04/opinion/metoo-law-legal-system.html.

    What to do with in-text citations for different sources by same author?

    This question came up in class. Refer to Purdue Owl's In-text Citations: The Basics page, which includes these examples:

    Citing two articles by the same author:

    Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye Development" 17).

    Citing two books by the same author:

    Murray states that writing is "a process" that "varies with our thinking style" (Write to Learn 6). Additionally, Murray argues that the purpose of writing is to "carry ideas and information from the mind of one person into the mind of another" (A Writer Teaches Writing 3).

    Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, followed, when appropriate, by page numbers:

    Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be "too easy" (Elkins, "Visual Studies" 63).

      Chicago Manual of Style

      Overview

      There are two versions of Chicago Style: "notes and bibliography" and "author-date" style. The "Notes" style uses footnotes and sometimes a bibliography, and is typically used in the humanities. "Author-Date" uses in-text paranthetical citations plus a Reference List, and is more typically used in the social sciences.

      Guides

      Visit the Chicago Manual of Style's citation quick guide to learn more about the differences between the notes an bibliography and the author-date styles.

      • Visit the CMS guide's "author-date" style page for examples of reference entries and in-text citations for a variety of types of sources

      • Visit the CMS guide's notes & bibliography page for examples of notes, shortened notes, and bibliographic entries 

      Some examples from your class

      Notes & Bibliography:

      Book
      Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. Purple Hibiscus. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2012.

      Journal Article

      Heidi I. Hartmann. “The Family as the Locus of Gender, Class, and Political Struggle: The Example of                           Housework.” Signs, no. 3 (1981): 366.

      Newspaper Article

      MacKinnon, Catharine A. “Opinion | #MeToo Has Done What the Law Could Not.” The New York Times,                        February 9, 2018, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/04/opinion/metoo-law-legal                              system.html.

      Author-Date

      Book

      Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. 2012. Purple Hibiscus. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. 

      Journal Article

      Heidi I. Hartmann. 1981. “The Family as the Locus of Gender, Class, and Political Struggle: The Example of                   Housework.” Signs, no. 3: 366.

      Newspaper Article

      MacKinnon, Catharine A. 2018. “Opinion | #MeToo Has Done What the Law Could Not.” The New York Times,              February 9, 2018, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/04/opinion/metoo-law-legal                              system.html.

      What to do with in-text citations for different sources by same author?

      This question came up in class. Refer to this guide, which includes example:

      Fogel, Robert William. 2004a. The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100: Europe, America, and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

      ———. 2004b. “Technophysio Evolution and the Measurement of Economic Growth.” Journal of Evolutionary                 Economics 14, no. 2 (June): 217–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-004-0188-x.

      (Fogel 2004b, 218)

      (Fogel 2004a, 45–46)