May 20, 2010
Although it may be optional for many academic departments, researching and writing an honors thesis has become a rite of passage for many an Amherst College graduate.
What follows is the list of senior honors theses completed by members of the Class of 2010.
American Studies
• Jessica Sun Choi, “The Price of Tribal Membership: Preserving Tribal Sovereignty and Protecting Indian Civil Rights in the Membership Disputes of Casino Tribes”
• Alex Joseph Davis-Lawrence, “America Abroad: An American Studies Documentary Film Thesis”
• Katharine Kelly Foote, “The Evolution of Communication Technology in Presidential Campaigns and Its Effect on Voter Turnout”
• Spencer Alan Haught, “Lives of Consequence: A History of Service Employees at Amherst College”
• Caitlin Louise Patterson, “Deconstructing a Neighborhood: A Case Study of Urban Decline in the Tremont Neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio”
Anthropology
• Zorina Ava Curry, “Elusive Identities: Nepali Women’s Experiences of HIV and Sex Work in Kathmandu”
• Raphaela Rae Levy-Moore, “Iceland: A People’s Struggle to Retain Identity in a Changing World”
• Rachel Anne Meketon, “The Open Access Movement: Disciplinary Visions Across Cyber-Space”
Art and the History of Art
• Michael Daniel Greenberg, “God is a Good Person”
• Ni Pan, “Bodily Integrity and the Gendered Landscape”
• Benjamin Vale Schweizer, “Everything You’re Doing is OK”
• Seguin Layton Strohmeier, “Constructing Authority: Anne of Austria’s Summer Apartments in the Louvre”
Asian Languages and Civilizations
• Charles Carter Hall, “Tales of the Brave Fish: Whaling, Nation and Nature in Contemporary Japan”
Biology
• Victoria Wing Allen, “Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum: Trouble-Shooting for a cDNA Suppressor Screen”
• Phoebe Mark Arbogast, “Start Codon Mutations in C. elegans Can be Suppressed by Inactivation of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay”
• Gabi Barmettler, “Nestling Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) as Bioindicators of Mercury Deposition in the Pioneer Valley, Massachusetts”
• Thomas Ray Beck, “Phylogeography of Lycium californicum: Intraspecific Variation in Sexual System and Ploidy Level”
• Cameron Elizabeth Farkas, “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Barriers to Emergent Hybrid Pathogens”
• Geoffrey Seth Jarett Giller, “The Female Purple-Throated Carib (Eulampis jugularis) and Pollinator-Mediated Selection in a Highly-Specialized Tropical Plant, Heliconia bihai”
• Sulynn Machado, “Functional Characterization of a Putative Inner Arm Dynein Protein in Trypanosoma brucei”
• Tracy Michelle Montgomery, “The Effect of 17α-Ethinyl Estradiol on Reproductive Endpoints in Betta splendens”
• Esteban Leiva Parker, “Interactions Between P4-Type Transporters and Subunits in Ashbya gossypii”
• Rebecca May Resnick, “Analysis of a Functional Difference Between the C. elegans Presenilin Proteins HOP-1 and SEL-12”
• Shaylon Blair Stolk, “Specialization in Action: Pollinator-Mediated Selection on Heliconia caribaea by the Hummingbird Eulampis jugularis”
Black Studies
• Makaula Ayanda Bam, “Comrades in Arms: Cuba and the ANC in the Struggle Agains Apartheid”
• Joan Victoria Flores-Villalobos, “West Indian Women in the Panama Canal Zone, 1904-1914”
• Eloise Titilayo Green, “Engendering Salvation: Womanist Theology and Contemporary Faith Praxis in the Church of God in Christ”
• Alexandre Ilani Rein White, “Decolonizing Aid: Microfinance, Economic Freedom and Post-Colonial Identity in Africa”
• Megan Constance Julieta Zapanta, “Place, Politics and Memory of Radical Activism: Rebuilding the Legacy of San Francisco’s International Hotel”
Chemistry
• Aaron Thomas Bozzi, “Determining the Ground State Geometry of the (E)-1-Chloro-1,2-Difluoroethylene-Hydrogen Fluoride van der Waals Complex Through Microwave Spectroscopy”
• Mary Elizabeth Broadbent, “Modeling the Potential Energy Surface of 1,1-Difluoroethylene Complexed with Hydrogen Fluoride”
• Alexandra Leigh Chang-Graham, “Isoprene Photooxidation Products in Environmental Chamber Studies and Mathematical Models”
• Hoiwan Cheung, “An Examination of the Amine Intercalation Chemistry and Ion Exchange Capacity of α-Zirconium Phosphate Clays”
• Jean-Nicolas Gallant, “Thiophene-Based Allele-Specific Inhibitors of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B”
• Leigh Kathleen Harris, “A Cell-Based Assay for Inhibition of Divergent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases”
• Catherine Theresa Knuff, “Selectivity of Binding to Estrogen Receptors α and β as Determined by Fluorescence Polarization”
• Nathan Andrew Seifert, “The Synthesis of Isobenzofulvene and Its Naphthalene Analogue, a Potential Biradicaloid with a Triplet Ground State”
• Jonathan Todd Thrope, “Measuring and Modeling Mercury in the Pioneer Valley”
• Reid Laurence Wilson, “Preparation of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites from Polycaprolactone and Magnesium Silicates”
• Min Yao, “Ab initio Calculations of Total Electron Density and Electrostatic Potential in Fluorosubstituted Ethylenes”
Classics
• Michelle Marie Barron, “Textile Variety and the Iconography of the Arkteia”
• Alexandra Conway Schmidt, “The Poetry and Philosophy of Gastronomy in Horace’s Satires 2.2 and 2.6”
Computer Science
• Nicholaus Gidion Mollel, “Neural Networks and Page Replacement”
• Yi-jing Tan, “The Foundations of the FM-Index: Achieving Simultaneous Compression and Indexing”
Economics
• William Evans Hundley Braun, “Inflation Differentials, Price Differentials and Convergence in the Eurozone”
• Jackline Melisa Makena, “Why Governments Won’t Comply: A Kenyan Case Study of Non-Compliance in IMF Programs”
• Alexander Aaron Myers, “Stability of Risk Preference Estimates Over Payoff Horizons”
• Rebecca Abigail Sander, “The Effects of Foreign Aid on Rent-Seeking Incentives in the Presence of Ethnic Heterogeneity”
• Nicholas Keone Sugai, “The Effect of Early Entry to the NBA: An Examination of the 19-Year-Old Age Minimum and the Choice Between On-the-Job Training and Schooling for NBA Prospects”
• Jeffrey Allen Tucker, “A GM-Chrysler Merger: Effects on Consumer and Producer Surplus”
• Yana Yushkina, “The Determinants of Happiness and Its Changes: An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data From Russia”
English
• Thomas Alden Anderson, “Pound: The Persona and the Poetry—Studies of Ezra Pound’s ‘Authorial Voice’ in Cathay, the Poetry of the Middle Years and The Waste Land”
• Robyn Honi Bahr, “Lay Me Down in Peace”
• Christian Nicolás Desrosiers, “Understanding West Virginia by Understanding Time in the Work of Breece D’J Pancake”
• Carlyle Chilton Eubank III, “The Sound of Steinbeck”
• William Scott Fairhurst, “Finding Marjorie: A Study of the Literary Life and Work of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings”
• Michelle Sarah Glick, “Art of Living: Questions of Authorial Control and Conscientious Living in Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse”
• Emily Grecki, “167”
• Alexander Guevarez, “Jumping to Conclusions: Poems”
• Charles Alexander Kaufman, “Hitchcock: Misogynist or Romantic? An Examination of the Director’s Work and an Attempt to Dispel a Common View of It”
• Sharon Yoojin Kim, “They Come to Life in Solitude”
• Van Patrick King, “The Chicago School”
• Nicholas McDuff Kramer, “Untenable, but Irresistible: A Critical Portrait of Evelyn Waugh’s Early Novels in Four Essays”
• Matthew Rielly Lewis, “Here Be Dragons”
• Felice T. Ling, “The Beanstalk: A Novella”
• Nicholas Vincent Mancusi, “Turtles All the Way Down: A Novel”
• Deepti Sreekala Mandiyan, “Halos of Light”
• Christina Haydee Martinez, “Ernesto Hemingway: An Investigation into Pío Baroja’s Influence”
• Aaron Edgar Nathan, “The Promise of English: Benjamin DeMott and the Faculty of the Imagination”
• Joshua William Nathan, “Prison Walls and Human Will: Literary and Foucauldian Representations of the Totalizing Penitentiary”
• Chelsea Neary, “Damsel Undistressed: The Power of Women in Arthurian Romance”
• Gina Isabel Rodriguez, “Tuesday Today, Tuesday Tomorrow”
• Sara Ashley Sligar, “‘Things in Life That We Focus On’: Artistic Creation, Exhibition, Historicization in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Work”
• Azlan Guttenberg Smith, “Pennyroyal and Other Stories”
• Margaret Anne Whittenberger, “W. B. Yeats’ Spiritual Theatre: Plays for Dancers, Irish Nationalism and the Occult”
Environmental Studies
• Samantha Ashley Ostrowski, “Cooperation, Contestation and Conservation: An Analysis of Peace Parks”
• Samuel Kessler Swenson, “(Offshore) Winds of Change: Lessons from the European Experience”
European Studies
• David Michael Crane, “Visions of Disorder: Sex, The War and Narrative in Parade’s End and Die Schlafwandler”
French
• Elizabeth Holly Butterfield, “Looking for Truth: Cultural and Historical Contexts of the Christian Science Movement in Francophone Africa”
• Susan Alexandra Sperling, “Corsican Folklore: Myths and Legends”
Geology
• Alexander Brian Gonzalez, “Paleomagnetism of Early Cretaceous Turbidites Near Point Hamilton, Kupreanof Island, Alaska”
• Daniel Joseph Kekacs, “Mercury Contamination in Connecticut River Sediments”
• Benjamin Zachary Klein, “Metamorphism of Sillimanite-Garnet-Biotite-K-Feldspar Gneiss in the Highland Mountains of Southwest Montana”
• Allan Henry Lerner, “Eruption Dynamics of the 7.7 ka Driftwood Pumice-Fall, Makushin Volcano, Alaska”
• Samuel Edward Miller, “Microbiology and Geochemistry of the New Albany Shale and Illinois Basin Coal Beds”
• Leslie Grace Moclock, “Strain Variation in Quartz in the Pelham Gneiss Dome”
• James Richard Swanson, Jr., “Metamorphic Evolution and P-T Path of Cordierite-Bearing Biotite-Sillimanite-Garnet Gneisses During the Big Sky Orogeny, Little Belt Mountains, Montana”
Greek
• Joyce Victoria Catsimpiris, “Domestic Danger: Women, Slaves and Loyalty in Homer’s Odyssey”
History
• Cornelius Fitzpatrick Banta, Jr., “Insincere Neutrality: British Consideration of Intervention in the American Civil War”
• Mason Scott Bradbury, “From ‘Enemy Aliens’ to ‘Friends of America’: World War II and the Crisis of Italian-American Identity”
• Nicole Catherine Cabrera, “Men of the Field in the Century of Agrocolonialism: The Conflated Histories of Twentieth-Century Mexican Land Reform, the Green Revolution and the Campesino”
• Ariadne Kristin DeSimone, “‘My Body has Become Sad’: Sexual Violence as a Weapon of Armed Conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Democratic Republic of Congo”
• Sophia Chalfant Galleher, “Conflicting Cultural Spaces: The Legacy of Land Grants and Cultural Conquest in the Southwest, Seventeenth Century to Present”
• Joshua Mayer Glasser, “The Eagleton Enigma: Morals, Politics and Science in the 1972 Election”
• Mark David Knapp, “First Impressions: American Perceptions of Pre-War Nazi Germany, 1933-1939”
• Nora Christine Lawrence, “An Imperfect Balance: The Code of Handsome Lake and the Seneca Struggle for Stability at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century”
• Julia Christine Merrill, “‘To Do So Much Good’: Classical Education and Women’s Reform in the Antebellum United States, 1780-1860”
• Katrina Lee Moreno, “Consuming Nature: A History of American Greenwashing”
• Evan Jason Peters, “Radiation and Radicals: Pacifists, Public Health and the Fallout Suits”
• Anirudh Venkatanarayan Rajashekar, “Close of Play: Cricket in America and the Gentlemen Who Played It, 1832-1928”
• Juliet Michele Silberstein, “A Road to Nowhere: Interstate Highways and Racialized Space in Omaha From 1939-2010”
• Jessica Anne Sleevi, “The “‘Toughest ‘Kid on the Street’: Environmentalism and Progressive Reform Photography”
• Peter Tang, “Their Finest Hours: Winston Churchill and Henry Pownall Remembering the Second World War”
• Katherine Helen Ward, “Private Docks, Public Port: The Emergence of Public Control and Transformation of the Port of London”
• Jill Catherine Wexler, “Sarah Stickney Ellis: Her Life and Work”
Independent Scholar
• Matthew William Mendoza, “‘The Educator Must Himself Be Educated’: Learning to Teach and the Limits of ‘Socialization’”
Interdisciplinary
• Elias Aba Milki, “Probing the Flexibility of Antibodies During Conjugation Using Single Molecule Spectroscopy”
• Trevor Alton Lewis, “Refugee Camps of Kenya: Profiting From ‘Chaos’”
• Ryan Andrew Milov, “A Natural Self”
• Katherine Margaret Nolan, “Development and War: A Look at the Link Between War and Development in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda”
• Anna Grable Reid, “Logics of Social Change: Disability in Christian Tradition”
Law, Jurisprudence and Social Thought
• Samuel Scott Bauch, “Illegal Immigration as Tolerated Illegality: A Foucauldian Approach to Undocumented Immigration in the Modern United States”
• Kendall Victoria Dacey, “The Power of the Sovereign: Social Contract Theory in the Twenty-First Century”
• Krystyn April Elek, “Dangerous Consequences: Homosexual Suspicion in the United States Military and Its Effect on the Sexual Harassment of Female Service Members”
• Sarah Gornstein Gelles, “A More Equal Constitution: Proposed Revisions to the United States Constitution”
• Alyssa Christie George, “Socio-Economic Inconsistencies in Divorce and Sexual Assault Laws”
• Amanda Sue McGinn, “Be Our Guest: Agency Capture and Under-Enforcement in the United States’ Temporary Guest Worker Programs”
• Luke James O’Brien, “Fuller’s Fidelity to Law: Anatomy of a Misreading”
• Adam Barber Shniderman, “Constitutional Law and Mind Reading: The Use of fMRI Lie-Detection in the American Criminal Justice System”
• Hau-ran Howard Tsai, “‘Disability is Different’: The Americans with Disabilities Act and What Is (Still) Wrong With It”
• Lucy Ella Zhou, “Bodies of Law: The Biopolitical Regulation of Prenatal Testing in the United States”
Mathematics
• Benjamin Godfrey Krause, “Plane Curves and Their Singularities”
• Michael Charles Kreisel, “A Classification of Euclidean Surfaces with Conical Singularities”
• Samuel Sullivan Schiavone, “Cloaking and Invisibility by Change of Variables”
• Andrey Todorov Tagarev, “Speech Recognition with Artificial Neural Networks”
Music
• Caroline Frances Edmundson, “Western Classical Music in Morocco: Occidentalism, Postcolonialism and the Politics of Performance”
• Samuel Simon Friend, “The One of Us: A Thesis in Music Composition”
• Andrew Frater Holgate, “Requiem”
• Hana Kommel, “Sonata Structure, Musical Topic, Texture and Rhythmic Development in the Brahms String Sextets”
• Deidra Michelle Montgomery, “Treading Sacred Ground: The Western Massachusetts Sacred Harp Community and Its Adoption and Adaption of a Southern Tradition”
• Nathan Robert Olson, “Missa Brevis in E-Minor”
• Joseph German Smeall, “Sing to the Hours: The Maryhill Canticles”
Neuroscience
• Sophia Lauretta Cai, “Investigation of the Organizational Effects of Gonadal Hormones on the Display of Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors Induced by a Phencyclidine Model of Schizophrenia”
• Rachel Ann Cameron, “The Phencyclidine Animal Model of Schizophrenia: Investigation of the Age-Dependent Effects of PCP on Anhedonia and Anxiety”
• Pallabi Guha, “Exploring the Functionality of the EF-Hand Motif of Protein CMF 63 in Flagellar Motility in Trypanosoma brucei”
• Eric Justin Holaday, “The Influence of Sex Chromosome Complement and Gonadal Sex on Vasopressin mRNA Levels in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in Mice”
• Clare Elisabeth Howard, “Characterization of a sao-1 Deletion Allele in C. elegans: New Clues About Its Developmental Function”
• Debbie Chenfei Jiang, “The Role of the Parabrachial Nucleus in Mediating Melanocortin-Induced Anorexia”
• Chido Loveness Kativhu, “The Role of Vasopressin in the Emergence of Social Play in Rats”
• Daniel Wonsoon Kim, “Investigating Sex Differences in the Effects of 14-Day Withdrawal from a Single-Phencyclidine Injection on Corticosterone Response, c-Fos Induction and N-methyl D-aspartate Receptor Subunit Expression Following Elevated Plus Maze Testing”
• Ashley Marie Rivera, “Flow Cytometric Analysis of Nuclear Envelope Precursor Vesicles”
• Sanjay Michael Salgado, “The Delayed Effects of a Single Dose of PCP on Elevated Plus Maze Behavior in Rats: Implications for the Glutamate Model of Schizophrenia”
• Thuzar Thein, “Investigation of RegA as a Ubiquitinated Target of FbxA During Dictyostelium discoideum Development”
• Alina Tsareva, “Interactions Between Lem3p Mutants and P4-Type ATPases of S. cerevisiae”
Philosophy
• Jordan Spencer Hoch, “An Evolutionary Argument Against Moral Realism”
• Andrew Timothy Werner, “Different Distances: Diamond and McDowell”
Physics
• Daniel Victor Freilich, “Real-Time Experimental Visualization of Bose-Einstein Condensates with One and Two Vortices”
• Vikyath Deviprasad Rao, “Searching for Interference of Flux-Tunnelling Paths in the Microwave-Driven Single Cooper-Pair Transistor”
• Rachel Stefania Ruskin, “A Quantitative Analysis of Voltage-Gated Potassium Ion Channel Transitions”
• Dean Uwemedimo Udom, Jr., “Improving the Experimental Precision of a Solid-State Electron EDM Search”
Political Science
• Robert Francis Abbey, “Nuclear Deterrence’s Gravest Test: The Cuban Missile Crisis”
• Olutosin Omolola Akinyode, “Localization of Democracy in Africa: Problems and Prospects—A Case Study of Nigeria and Ghana”
• Tauhid Sayeed Bin Kashem, “Politics in Times of Nothingness”
• Caroline Marie Darmody, “Dignity and Dissent: An Argument for Judicial Abolition of the Death Penalty in the United States”
• Robert Dayton Denious, Jr., “Democracy, Capitalism and Climate Change: A Study of the United States Political Effort to Respond to Planetary Climate Change”
• Jordan Michael Gilbertson, “Governance and Authority in the Internet Age: The New Politics of State Power”
• Elspeth Victoria Hansen, “Nuclear Arms Control in the Post-Cold War Era”
• Jean-Marie Davy Christophe Hébé, “Social Roots of the Smart Mob”
• Amanda Lee Liverzani, “Regulating China’s Population: The One Child Policy and Biopolitical Power”
• Daniel James Murner, “James Wilson and the Source of Political Obligation”
• Ameerah Churney Phillips, “Beyond Holiness: An Examination of Jerusalem as a Microcosm of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict”
• Eric Joshua Schultz, “The Use and Misuse of the Referendum in Modern Latin America: Implications for the Quality of Democracy”
• Erik Levy Schulwolf, “Ideological Development in Religious Nationalist Movements in Iran, Turkey and Israel: The Role of Political Circumstances”
• David Myer Temin, “Staging Interruptions: On Agamben’s Biopolitics”
• David George Turbiner Ullman, “The Political Economy of Urban Congestion Pricing”
• Anjie Zheng, “French Exceptionalism and Political Identity: A Reassessment of the May 1968 Student and Worker Protests”
• Yinian Nicol Zhou, “Afghanistan: America’s Imperial War”
Psychology
• Timothy John Baer, “‘Dumb Jock? Isn’t That a Redundant Term?’: How Stereotype Threat Promotes Academic Self-Handicapping Behavior in Student-Athletes”
• Katherine Donnetta Black, “A Balancing Act: How Black and White Women Define Success”
• Linh Dieu Bui, “‘I’m like a chameleon. I change my personality.’: A Study of Asian American Women’s Gendered Behavior in American and Asian Contexts, and Its Psychological Consequences”
• John Patrick D’Angelo, “The Effects of Underpayment and Overpayment Inequity on Performance: Evidence from Major League Baseball Players”
• Vincent John DiForte III, “Brains Over Brawn: The Impact of Stereotype Threat on the Student-Athlete Identity”
• Carolina Ivonne Feris, “Do You Realize How Thin She Is?: The Effects of Social Information about Peers’ Body Shape and Weight-Control Measures on Women’s Self-Evaluations and Intentions”
• Rebecca Margaret Glazer, “Investigating Eyewitness Memory: The Influence of the Verbal Overshadowing Effect and Visual Self-Assessment Lie Detection Training on the Reliability of Eyewitness Evidence”
• Stephanie Lynne Grossman, “Make New Friends, But Keep the Old: The Association Between Intimacy Goals, Attachment Styles and the Transition to College”
• Andrea Jaramillo, “Anticipatory Effects of Racial Diversity on Mock Jurors’ Decision Making and Information Processing”
• Jesse Alix Jokinen, “Working to Close the Gap: An Examination of the Effectiveness of the Pipeline Scholars Program in the Amherst Regional Public Schools”
• Jessica Lynn Mestre, “Rebels with a Cause: The Impact of Group Membership on Evaluations of Moral Rebellion”
• Anne Saxon Morrow, “The Role of Coordination Disorders in Understanding Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder”
• Jennifer Ho Lan Ouyang, “In Sync: The Effects of Rhythmic Synchronization on Joint Task Performance”
• Emily Sophia Rackleff, “The Effect of State and Trait Anxiety on Autobiographical Memory”
• Elizabeth Louise Tepe, “To What Degree Can Gender Influence Memory?: The Effect of Gender Identity Activation on Self-Defining Memory”
• Wen Zhang, “Regulation of Moral Superiority and Perceptions of Social Acceptance in Differing Group Contexts”
Russian
• Annie Choi, “From Awkwardness to Spiritual Transcendence: The Construction of the Non-Feminine Ideal in Elena Guro’s Work”
• Ian Dimitri David, “The Poetic Process and the Continuation of Culture: Osip Mandelstam’s Grifel’naia oda and V Peterburge my soidemsia snova”
Sociology
• Aileen Kim, “The Woman Equ-Asian: The Identity Formation of Queer Asian American Women”
• Mary Doris Reggie, “The Emergence of Micro-Lending: A Path to Economic Development Through the Empowerment of Women”
Spanish
• Jeffrey David Chambers, “La representación artística de la homosexualidad durante la transición: Una mirada a la literatura catalana y el cine vasco”
• Sarah Esther Conway, “Embarazo e interculturalidad: La cosmovisión mapuche en el siglo XXI”
• Scott Efrem London, “Working the Dream?: A Case Study of the Perpetuation of the Low-Skill Latin American Labor Force”
• Tanika Paz Vigil, “Cuerpos, poder y resistencia: Hacia una reapreciación de las Madres de Plaza de Mayo”
Theater and Dance
• Harold David Aarons, Jr., “in Wonderland”
• Tanya Galliher Jackson, “Falling in Love with a Miracle: On Acting/Living Cloud Tectonics by José Rivera”
• Brooke Ann McVety Bishop, “From A Midsummer Night’s Dream to Midsummer: A Senior Project in Directing”
• Sarah Abigail Skeist, “Making The Mistakes Madeline Made: A Discussion of My Work in The Mistakes Madeline Made by Elizabeth Meriwether”
• Teana Nadia White, “Look Who’s Playing in the Playground”
Women’s and Gender Studies
• Siobahn Eve Kinney, “Sexual Pleasure as Development: Shaping a Human Right of Play, Pleasure and Capabilities”