The Tea Ceremony - Syllabus
An examination of the history of chanoyu, the tea ceremony, from its origins in the fifteenth century to the practice of tea today. The class will explore the various elements that comprise the tea environment--the garden setting, the architecture of the tea room, and the forms of tea utensils. Through a study of the careers of influential tea masters and texts that examine the historical, religious, and cultural background to tea culture, the class will also trace how the tea ceremony has become a metaphor for Japanese culture and Japanese aesthetics both in Japan and in the West.
The class will meet twice a week (M/W) at 12:30 in Fayerweather 113. It has been designed for maximum participation, thus it is essential that you complete the reading assignments before each class. If you need to miss a class, please contact me in advance.
There will be one field trip to Mount Holyoke College to participate in a tea ceremony at their Washin’an tea room, and a field trip to a potter working in the Japanese style in Vermont. If scheduling and time permit there will be a field trip to visit the Smith College Museum of Art and the Urasenke Foundation in New York.
Books
The following books have been ordered for the course and are available at the Jeffery Amherst College Store on South Pleasant Street. There will also be a reader for the course available through the Fine Arts Department at Amherst College. All other readings are on reserve at Frost Library.
Hirota, Dennis. Wind in the Pines. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 2002.
Kawabata Yasunari. Thousand Cranes. New York: Vintage, 1996.
Okakura Kakuzō. The Book of Tea. Mineola: Dover, 1964.
Tanizaki Jun’ichirō. In Praise of Shadows. New Haven: Leete’s Island Books, 1980.
Varley, H. Paul and Kumakura Isao. Tea in Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1989.
You will receive a handout for most classes geared to the lecture and meant to serve as a supplementary reference to the topic. If you miss a handout they will be posed on the CMS course site.
I am developing a database of images of tea objects including most of those we will cover in the course. These will be linked to the CMS course site.
Requirements
Written assignments:
Analysis of an object used in the tea ceremony
Due Feb. 8 (5 %)
Essay on the aesthetics of tea, 3-4 pages
Due Feb. 27 (15%)
Looking assignment comparing two works of art, 3-4 pages
Due Mar. 12 (15%)
Final paper, 10-12 pages
Due May 12 (40%)
You will be given guidelines for each of the assignments. Please include photocopies of the relevant images when appropriate. Extensions for the final paper must be arranged through the office of the Dean of Students. All work must be submitted to complete the course and to receive a final grade.
Participation/Presentations
You will also be expected to participate in class discussion (10%) and in three presentations (15%). One of the basic skills of a tea practitioner is the ability to arrange objects for his or her guests. Over the course of the semester you will expected to make such an arrangement, known as a toriawase. You will begin by selecting two objects and presenting them to your classmates commenting primarily on their formal qualities. By the mid-point in the semester you will be expected to devise a complete toriawase and present it to the class. At the end of the semester you will be expected to revise your toriawase incorporating into it contemporary objects that you deem suitable for the tea ceremony. Each toriawase should be accompanied by 3-4 pages of comments explaining your choices.
First presentation Feb. 18
First toriawase Apr. 7
Second toriawase Apr. 30
Lecture Schedule
1) Jan. 28 Introduction
Reading Assignment:
Anderson, “Japanese Tea Ritual” CP
Kondo, “The Way of Tea” CP
Yanagi, “the Way of Tea” CP
2) Jan. 30 The Early History of Tea
Reading Assignment:
Ludwig, “Before Rikyū,” pp. 367-385 CP
Yoshida Kenko, Tsureguregusa, excerpts in McCullough, Classical Japanese Prose, pp. 393-421 CP
Varley and Elison, “The Culture of Tea,” pp. 187-211 CP
3) Feb. 4 The Tea Bowl I—Chinese, Korean
Reading Assignment:
Cort, “The Kizaemon Tea Bowl Reconsidered” CP
Okuda, “The Temmoku Tea Bowl” CP
Yanagi, “Kizaemon” CP
4) Feb. 6 Tea in the Kitayama Period
Reading Assignment:
Haga, “The Wabi Aesthetic” (K&V)
Hirota, Wind in the Pines, pp. 37-63; 195-199
Nakamura, “Early History of the Tea House,” part II CP
Varley, “Ashikaga Yoshimitsu” CP
5) Feb. 11 The Tea Bowl II—Japanese
Reading Assignment:
Cort, Tea Ceremony Utensils, “The Tea Bowl,” “The Boxes for Tea Ceremony Utensils”
Hayashiya, “Tea Bowls,” part II, part III CP
6) Feb. 13 Tea in the Higashiyama Period
Reading Assignment:
Hayashiya, “Kyoto in the Muromachi Age” CP
Hirota, Wind in the Pines, pp. 63-79; 200-211
Kawai, “Reception Room Display”
Kumakura, “Sanjōnishi Sanetaka” CP
Ludwig, “Before Rikyū,” pp. 385-390 CP
Shimao, “Stewards” CP
7) Feb. 18 Presentations
8) Feb. 20 NO CLASS
9) Feb. 25 A Mountain Retreat in the City
Reading Assignment:
Hirota, Wind in the Pines, pp. 80-91
Moriya, “The Mountain Dwelling” CP
Nakamura, “Early History of the Tea House,” part 1 CP
10) Feb. 27 The Tea House, Tea Garden and Incense Container
Reading Assignment:
Castile, The Way of Tea, “Tea Gardens, Tea Architecture”
Cort, Tea Ceremony Utensils, “The Incense and Hearth Utensils”
Gatten, “A Wisp of Smoke”
11) Mar. 3 Tea Comes of Age—The Early Career of Sen no Rikyū
Reading Assignment:
Berry, “Play: The Freedom of Invention” CP
Cooper, “Early Europeans and Tea” (K&V)
Hirota, Wind in the Pines, pp. 92-105; 215-235
Kumakura, “Sen no Rikyū” (K&V)
Varley and Elison, “The Culture of Tea,” pp. 211-222 CP
Watsky, “Commerce, Politics and Tea” CP
12) Mar. 5 A Brief History of Ceramics in Japan
Reading Assignment:
Ceramic Art of Japan, Introduction and review plates
13) Mar. 10 Tea and Politics—Sen no Rikyū and Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Reading Assignment:
Bodart, “Tea and Counsel” CP
Cort, “The Grand Kitano Tea Gathering” CP
Cort, “Shopping for Pots” CP
Hirota, Wind in the Pines, pp. 105-116; 235-260
Ito, “Sen Rikyū and Taian” CP
Ludwig, “Chanoyu and Momoyama” (K&V)
14) Mar. 12 Discussion—Assessing the Career of Rikyū
Reading and Viewing Assignment:
Levine, Daitokuji, pp. 125-143
Rikyū
15) Mar. 24 The Tea Container, Tea Scoop, and Tea Whisk
Reading Assignment:
Cort, Tea Ceremony Utensils, “The Tea Caddy and Tea Leaf Jar, Tea Scoop”
Cort, “Looking at White Dew” CP
Ikeda, “Appreciating Tea Scoops” CP Kumakura, “The Tea Wisk” CP
16) Mar. 26 Furuta Oribe and the Tea of Flamboyance
Reading and Viewing Assignment:
Ikeda, “Oribe’s Shoe-shaped Tea Bowl” CP
Murase, “Art in the Volatile World of Furuta Oribe”
Murai, “Furuta Oribe” CP
Takeuchi, “Furuta Oribe and the Tea Ceremony”
17) Mar. 31 The Flower Vase, Fresh Water Container and Kettle
Reading Assignment:
Cort, Tea Ceremony Utensils, “ The Flower Container,” “The Fresh-Water Jar and Waste-Water Jar,” “The Kettle and Lid Rest”
Cort, “Gen’ya’s Devil Bucket” CP
18) Apr. 2 Kobori Enshu and the Tea of Beauty
Reading Assignment:
Hayashiya, Japanese Arts and the Tea Ceremony, pp. 89-123
Hayashiya, “Tea Bowls,” part 4 CP
Hirota, Wind in the Pines, pp. 287-293
Kumakura, “Kan’ei Culture and Chanoyu” (K&V)
Nakamura, “Kobori Enshu and Mittan” CP
19) Apr. 7 Presentations
20) Apr. 9 The Hanging Scroll
Reading Assignment:
Barnet and Burto, “Some Western Thoughts”
Nagashima, “Picture Versus Word” CP
Rosenfield and Shimizu, Masters, pp. 112-117; 122- 147; 188-203
21) Apr. 14 Lineage and Legitimacy—The Iemoto System
Reading Assignment:
Hayashiya, Japanese Arts and the Tea Ceremony, pp. 124-145
Pitelka, Handmade Culture, pp. 89-109 CP
Smith, “Transmitting Tradition by the Rules” CP
Varley, “Chanoyu from the Genroku Epoch” (K&V)
22) Apr. 16 Tea Bowl III--Raku
Reading Assignment:
Castile, The Way of Tea, pp. 200-206
Pitelka, Handmade Culture, pp. 69-87
Raku, “Raku Tea Bowls”
Raku, “The Techniques of Raku Ware”
Saitō, “The Tea Bowls of Hon’ami Kōetsu”
23) Apr. 21 Tea in the Modern Age—Collecting and Masuda Donno
Reading Assignment:
Hayashiya, Japanese Art and the Tea Ceremony, pp. 146-159
Guth, Art, Tea and Industry, pp. 129-160 CP
Wilson, “Tea in the Era of Japonisme”
24) Apr. 23 Tea in the Modern Age—Okakura Kakuzō
Reading Assignment:
Okakura, The Book of Tea
25) Apr. 28 Tea’s Legacy—The Contemporary Tea House
Reading Assignment:
Freeman, New Zen (review plates)
Takeyama, “Tadao Andō” CP
Tanizaki, In Praise of Shadows
26) Apr. 30 Presentations
27) May 5 Tea’s Legacy—Thousand Cranes
Reading Assignment:
Kawabata, Thousand Cranes
28) May 7 Conclusion and the Kaiseki Meal
Reading Assignment:
Cort, “Japanese Ceramics and Cuisine”
Cort, Tea Ceremony Utensils, “The Kaiseki Meal”
Hall, “On the Future History” (K&V)
Mori, “The Tea Ceremony: A Transformed Ritual” CP
Tsutsui, “The History of the Kaiseki Meal” CP
Bibliography
CQ=Chanoyu Quarterly
Comprehensive index by subject in v. 88.
GENERAL Chanoyu:
Castile, Rand. Way of Tea. New York: Weatherhill, 1971.
Cort, Louise. Tea Ceremony Utensils. New York: Weatherhill, 1973.
Hayashiya Tatsusaburo. Japanese Arts and the Tea Ceremony. Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1974.
Mori, Barbara Lynne Rowland. “The Tea Ceremony: A Transformed Ritual.” Gender and Society, vol. 5, no. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 86-97.
Okakura Kakuzō. The Book of Tea. Dover: Mineola, 1984.
Pitelka, Morgan, ed., Japanese Tea Culture: Art, History, and Practice. London/New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
Sen Soshitsu. Chadō: The Japanese Way of Tea. New York/Tokyo/Kyoto: Weatherhill/Tankosha, 1979.
Sen Soshitsu XV, ed. Chanoyu: The Urasenke Tradition of Tea. Trans. Alfred Birnbaum. New York: Weatherhill, 1988.
Tanaka Sen'o, Tanaka Sendō. The Tea Ceremony. New York/Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1973, revised ed., 1998.
Yanagi Sōetsu. “The Way of Tea.” In The Unknown Craftsman. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1978, pp. 177-189.
HISTORY
Berry, Mary Elizabeth. The Culture of Civil War in Kyoto, ch. 7, "Play: The Freedom of Invention." Berkeley: University of California, 1994, pp. 259-284
Bodart-Baily, Beatrice M. "Tea and Politics in Late-Sixteenth-Century Japan." CQ 41 (1985), pp. 25-34.
Brown, Ken. "Symbolic Virtue and Political Legitimation: Tea and Politics in the Momoyama Period." In The Politics of Reclusion: Painting and Power in Medieval Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’I Press, 1997, pp. 53-72.
Cooper, Michael. "The Early Europeans and Tea." In H. Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao, eds., Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu, 101-133. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989.
Cort, Louise Allison. “The Great Kitano Tea Gathering.” CQ, no. 31 (1982), pp. 15-20
Guth, Christine. Art, Tea, and Industry: Masuda Takashi and the Mitsui Circle. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Hayashiya Tatsusaburō, "Kyoto in the Muromachi Age." In Hall, John Whitney and Toyoda Takeshi, eds., Japan in the Muromachi Age. Berkeley: University of California, 1977, pp. 15-36.
Kumakura, “Kan’ei Culture and Chanoyu.” In H. Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao, eds., Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989, pp. 135-160.
-----. “Kōetsu and the History of Tea Culture.” In Felice Fischer, ed. The Arts of Hon’ami Kōetsu. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2000, pp. 141-146.
Ludwig, Theodore. “Chanoyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation.” In H. Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao, eds., Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu,. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989, pp. 71-100.
-----. “Before Rikyū—Religious and Aesthetic Influences in the Early History of the Tea Ceremony.” Monumenta Nipponica, vol. 36, no. 4 (Winter, 1981), pp. 367-390.
Mori, Barbara Lynne Rowland. "The Tea Ceremony: A Transformed Japanese Ritual." Gender and Society 5 (1991), pp. 86-97.
Moriya Takeshi. "The Mountain Dwelling within the City." CQ 56 (1988), pp. 7-21.
Murai Yasuhiko. "Furuta Oribe." CQ 42 (1985), pp. 24-48.
Murai Yasuhiko. "The Development of Chanoyu Before Rikyū;" In H. Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao, eds., Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989, pp. 3-32.
Murase, Miyeko. “Art in the Volatile World of Furuta Oribe.” In Miyeko Murase, ed. Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-Century Japan. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003, pp. 3-15.
Takeuchi, Jun’ichi. “Furuta Oribe and the Tea Ceremony.” In Miyeko Murase, ed. Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-Century Japan. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003, pp. 17-29.
Tanihata Akio. "Men of Tea: An Evaluation by Yamanoue Sōji," part 1, CQ 26 (1980), pp. 50-60; part 2, CQ 27 (1980), pp. 51-58; part 3, CQ 28 (1981), pp. 45-56.
Varley, H. Paul. "Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and the World of Kitayama." In Hall, John Whitney and Toyoda Takeshi. Japan in the Muromachi Age. Berkeley: Univ. of Cal.Press, 1977, pp.183-204.
Varley, Paul. “Chanoyu: From the Genroku Epoch to Modern Times.” In H. Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao, eds., Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989, pp. 16-194
Varley, H. Paul, and George Elison. "The Culture of Tea: From Its Origins to Sen no Rikyu." In Warlords, Artists, and Commoners. Hawaii, 1981, pp. 187-222.
Watsky, Andrew. "Commerce, Politics, and Tea: The Career of Imai Sokyu." Monumenta Nipponica 50, no. 1, (1997): 47-65.
Wilson, Richard. “Tea Taste in the Era of Japonisme: A Debate.” Chanoyu Quarterly, no. 50 (1987), pp. 23-39
CERAMICS
Becker, Johanna. Karatsu Ware: A Tradition of Diversity. New York: Kodansha International, 1986.
Cort, Louise Allison. “Ceramics and the Tea Ceremony.” Apollo (Feb., 1985): 120-123.
-----. “Gen’ya’s Devil Bucket.” CQ no. 30 (1982), pp. 31-40.
-----. “Japanese Ceramics and Cuisine.” Asian Art 3, no. 1 (1990): 8-35.
-----. "The Kizaemon Teabowl Reconsidered: The Making of a Masterpiece." CQ 71 (1992), pp. 7-30.
-----. “Korean Influences in Japanese Ceramics: The Impact of the Teabowl Wars of 1592-1598.” In W.D. Kingery, ed. Ceramics and Civilization, vol. 2. Columbus, OH: The American Ceramics Society, 1986, pp. 331-362,
-----. “Looking at White Dew.” CQ, no. 43 (1985), pp. 36-48.
-----. Seto and Mino Ceramics. Washington: Freer Gallery of Art, 1992.
-----. Shigaraki: Potter's Valley. New York/Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1970.
-----. "Shopping for Pots in Momoyama Japan." In Morgan Pitelka, ed., Japanese Tea Culture: Art, History, and Practice. London/New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003, , pp. 61-85.
Cort, Louise, and Bert Winther-Tamaki. Isamu Noguchi and Modern Japanese Ceramics: A Close Embrace of the Earth. Washington: The Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 2003.
Dickerson, John. “Some Aspects of Raku Ware.” Transactions of the oriental Ceramics Society 40 (1973-1974; 1974/1975), pp. 20-31.
Fujioka, Ryoichi. Shino and Oribe Ceramics. Trans. Samuel C. Morse. New York/Tokyo: Kodansha International and Shibundo, 1977.
Hayashiya Seizo, et al. Chinese Ceramics from Japanese Collections: T'ang through Ming Dynasties. New York: The Asia Society, 1977.
Hayashiya Seizo, Akanuma Taka, Raku Kichizaemon, eds. Raku: A Dynasty of Japaese Ceramists. Paris: Maison de la Culture du Japan à Paris, 1997.
Hayashiya Seizo. "Teabowls.” Part I" CQ 55 (1988), pp. 32-49.
-----. "Part II." CQ 56 (1988), pp. 31-52.
-----. "Part III." CQ 58 (1989), pp. 31-52.
-----. "Part IV." CQ 59 (1989), pp. 32-54.
Ikeda Hyoa. "Essay--Oribe's Shoe-shaped Teabowl." CQ 57 (1989), pp. 35-54.
Itoh Ikutaro. Korean Ceramics from the Museum of Oriental Ceramics, Osaka. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.
Kawahara Masahiko. "Iga Tea Ware." CQ 47, pp. 7-30.
Kawahara Masahiko. "Tamba Ware and Chanoyu." CQ 51, pp. 33-49.
Maske, Andrew. "New Advances in Tea Ceramic History: Recent Excavations of Tea Wares from Consumer Sites." CQ 70 (1992), pp. .
Mikami Tsugio. The Art of Japanese Ceramics. Trans. Ann Herring. Heibonsha Survey of Japanese Art v. 29. New York/Tokyo: Weatherhill/Heibonsha, 1972.
Miller, Roy Andrew, after Okuda Seiichi, et al. Japanese Ceramics. Rutland, Vt.: Charles Tuttle, 1960.
Murase, Miyeko, ed. Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-Century Japan. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.
Narasaki Koshiro. "Seto and Mino Ceramics of the Medieval Age." CQ 29 (1981), pp. 16-42.
Okuda Naoshige. "The Tenmoku Teabowl." CQ 26, pp. 7-32.
Pitelka, Morgan. Handmade Culture—Raku Potters, Patrons and Tea Practitioners in Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’I Press, 2005. Chapter 4 “Institutionalization of the Iemoto Gaze.” pp. 89-109.
Raku Kichizaemon. “Raku Tea Bowls: The Essence of Form. The Evolution of Wabi.” In Raku Museum. Kyoto: Raku Museum, n.d., pp. 12-30.
-----. “Raku Technique.” In Raku Museum. Kyoto: Raku Museum, n.d., pp. 31-39.
Raku Museum. Kyoyo: Raku Museum, n.d.
Sato Masahiko. "The History and Variety of Karatsu Ceramics." CQ 24 (1980), pp. 12-34.
Sawada Yoshiharu. "A Gallery of Shino Ceramics." CQ 35, pp. 16-29.
Saitō Takamasa. “The Tea Bowls of Hon’ami Kōetsu.” In Felice Fischer, ed. The Arts of Hon’ami Kōetsu. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2000, pp. 138-140.
Seattle Art Museum, ed. The Ceramic Art of Japan. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1972.
Tanihata Akio. "Tea and Kyoto Ceramics in the Late Edo Period." CQ 39, pp.
Uenishi Setsuo. "Bizen Ware Ceramics." CQ 38, pp. 7-22.
Wood, Donald A., et al. Echizen: Eight Hundred Years of Japanese Stoneware. Birmingham Museum of Art, 1994.
Yanagi Sōetsu. “Kizaemon.” In The Unknown Craftsman. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1978, pp. 190-196.
Yoshiga Taibi. "The History and Variety of Hagi Ceramics." CQ 22 (1979), pp. 25-48.
RIKYU
Bodart, Beatrice M. "Tea and Counsel: The Political Role of Sen Rikyu." Monumenta Nipponica 32:1 (1977): 49-74.
Itoh Teiji. "Sen Rikyu and Taian." CQ 15 (1976), pp. 7-20.
Kumakura Isao. "Rikyu and the Birth of the Nijiriguchi." CQ 44, pp. 41-46.
Kumakura Isao. “Sen no Rikyū: Inquires into His Life and Tea.” In H. Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao, eds., Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989, pp. 33-70.
Levine, Gregory P. A. Daitokuji—The Visual Cultures of a Zen Monastery. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005.
Murai Yasuhiko. "A Biography of Sen Rikyu." CQ 61 (1990), pp. 7-56.
ARCHITECTURE
Furuta Shokin. "Philosophical Aspects of the Chashitsu [Tearoom]." CQ 59, pp. 7-31.
Hayakawa Masao. "The Microcosmic Space Created by Sen Rikyu." CQ 80, pp. 21-37.
Itoh Teiji. "Kobori Enshu: Architectural Genius and Chanoyu Master." CQ 44, pp. 7-40.
Itoh Teiji. "Sen Rikyu and Taian." CQ 15:9 (1976), pp. 7-20.
Kumakura Isao. "Rikyu and the Birth of the Nijiriguchi." CQ 44: 41-46.
Nakamura Shosei. “Kobori Enshu and Mittan.” CQ 14 (1976), pp. 7-19.
Nakamura Toshinori. "Early History of the Teahouse, Part 1." CQ. 69 (1992), pp. 7-32
Nakamura Toshinori. "Early History of the Teahouse, Part 2." CQ. 70 (1992), pp. 22-40.
Nakamura Toshinori. "Early History of the Teahouse, Part 3." CQ 71, pp. 31-44.
Nakamura Toshinori. "Early History of the Teahouse, Part 4." CQ 72, pp. 31-47.
Nakamura Toshinori. "Reconstructing the Taian Tearoom." CQ 81, pp. 29-56.
Takeyama, Kiyoshi. “Tadao Andō: Heir to a Tradition.” Perspecta: The Yale Architectural Journal, vol. 20 (1983), pp. 163-180.
LITERATURE/FILM
Hirota, Dennis. "Blossoms and Moon, Host and Guest: A Leaf from a Renga Sequence." CQ 45, pp. 34-43.
Hirota, Dennis. Wind in the Pines: Classic Writings of the Way of Tea as a Buddhist Path. Fremont, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press, 1995.
Kawabata Yasunari. Thousand Cranes. New York: Vintage, 1996.
Tanizaki Jun’ichirō. In Praise of Shadows. New Haven: Leete’s Island Books, 1980.
Teshigahara Hiroshi. Goh-hime. (1992).
-----. Rikyū. (1989).
Yoshida Kenkō. Tsurezuregusa. In Helen McCullough, ed. Classical Japanese Prose—An Anthology. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990, pp, 393-421.
AESTHETICS / DISPLAY
Barnet, Sylvan and William Burto. “Some Western Thoughts on ShodÇ: The Way of Writing. In Murase, Miyeko. The Written Image–Japanese Calligraphy from the Sylvan Barnet and William Burto Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002. pp. 25-38.
Haga Koshiro. “The Wabi Aesthetic through the Ages.” In H. Paul Varley and Kumakura Isao, eds., Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989, pp. 195-232.
Kawai Masatomo. "Reception Room Display in Medieval Japan." In Nicole Rousmaniere, ed., Kazari: Decoration and Display in Japan 15th-19th Centuries. Japan Society, 2002, 32-41.
Kumakura Isao. "Reexamining Tea: Yuisho, Suki, Yatsushi, and Furumai." Trans. Peter McMillan. Monumenta Nipponica 57:1 (2002): 1-42.
Nagashima Fukutaro. “Picture Versus Word: Trends in Tokonoma Display.” CQ 35 (1983), pp. 7-15.
Saito, Yuriko. “The Japanese Aesthetics of Imperfection and Insufficiency.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 55, no. 4 (Fall, 1997), pp. 377-385.
Shimao Arata. "The Stewards of Art in Muromachi Japan: Noami, Geiami, and Soami." CQ 84 (1996), pp. 7-36.
Zaine, Carla. “The Muromachi Dono Gyōkō Okazari Ki—A Research Note.” Monumenta Nipponica, vol. 23, no. 1 (Spring, 1978), pp. 113-118.
TEXTILES, FOOD, OTHER MATERIAL CULTURE
Ayamura Tan’en. “Kaishi Scrolls for Chanoyu.” CQ 38 (1984), pp. 23-35
Gatten, Aileen. “A Wisp of Smoke.” Monumenta Nipponica, 32, no. 1 (1977), pp. 35-48.
Ikeda Hyoa. “Appreciating Tea Scoops.” CQ 54 (1988), pp. 7-31.
Kumakura Isao. “Chasen: The Tea Whisk.” CQ 37 (1984), pp. 41-54.
Mittwer, Gretchen. "Tea Sweets: A Historical Study." CQ 57, pp. 18-34.
Oda Eiichi. "Meibutsu-gire: Famous Chanoyu Fabrics." CQ 45, pp. 7-23.
Rosenfield, John M. and Yoshiaki Shimizu. Masters of Japanese Calligraphy 8th-19th Century. New York: Asia Society Gallery/Japan Society Gallery, 1984.
Tsutsui Hiroichi. "From Kaiseki to Kaiseki: The Development of Formal Tea Cuisine." CQ 50, pp. 40-57.
Tsutsui Hiroichi. "The History of the Kaiseki Meal." CQ 78, pp. 7-46.
RITUAL/THEORY
Alexander, Bobby C. “Ceremony.” In Mircea Eliade, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion, vol. 3. New York: Macmillan, 1987, pp. 179-183.
Anderson, Jennifer. An Introduction to Japanese Tea Ritual. Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.
-----. “Japanese Tea Ritual: Religion in Practice.” Man (N.S.), vol. 26, no. 3 (Sep., 1987), pp. 475-498.
Appadurai, Arjun. “Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value.” In Arjun Appadurai, ed., The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, pp. 3-63.
Bell, Catherine. “Discourse and Dichotomies: The Structure of Ritual Theory.” Religion, no. 17 (1987), pp. 95-118.
Jackson, Andrew. “Against the Autonomy of the Craft Object.” In Tanya Harrod, ed. Obscure Objects of Desire: Reviewing the Crafts in the Twentieth Century. New York: Crafts Council, 1997.
Kopytoff, Igor. “The Cultural Biogrpahy of things: Commoditization as Process.” In In Arjun Appadurai, ed., The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, pp. 64-91.
Kumakura Isao. “Takeno Jōō and an Early Form of Iemoto Seido.” In Steven D. Carter, ed. Literary Patronage in Late Medieval Japan. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1993, pp. ????
Kondo, Dorinne. “The Way of Tea: A Symbolic Analysis.” Man (N.S.), vol. 20, no. 2 (Jun., 1985) pp. 287-306.
Leach, Edmund R. “Ritual.” In David sills, ed. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 13. New York: Macmillan, 1968, pp. 520-526.
Ray, Benjamin C. “The Koyukon Bear Party and the ‘Bare Facts’ of Ritual.” Numen, vol. 38, no. 2 (1991), pp. 151-176.
Schecher, Richard. “Ritual and performance.” In Tim Ingold, ed. Companion Encyclopedia of Anthropology. London: Routledge, 1994., pp. 613-647.
Sharf, Robert. “The Zen of Japanese Nationalism.” History of Religions, vol. 33, no. 1 (Aug., 1993), pp. 1-43.
Smith, Jonathan Z. “The Bare Facts of Ritual.” In Imagining Religion: From Babylon to Jonestown. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982, pp. 53-65.
Smith, Robert J. “Transmitting Tradition by the Rules: An Anthropological Interpretation of the Iemoto System.” In John Singleton, ed. Learning in Likely Places: Varieties of Apprenticeship in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 23-34.
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